| roots | pinyin, English |
| 享丸 | xîang celebrate, wán pellet [jî (gift [lamb], hold)] |
| Who can be ... ? | L1 |
| Who is able to ... from? | C1 |
| Who can ... while/until? | FE |
| Who can ... though? | WO |
| Who can ... with? | WW |
| Who can make ... ? | WC |
| Who else could ... from? | W1 |
| Who's ... enough to...? | DH |
| Who can be muddled/calm/serene? | CM, DL |
| Who can get rid ... | Who can revitalize it ... ? | DC |
| Who enables the turbulent/calm ... ? | GR |
| Who can find repose in a muddy world? | Who can maintain his calm for long? | LY |
| Who can (make) the muddy water (clear)? | Who can secure the condition of rest? | JL |
| Who by quieting can gradually render muddy waters clear? | Who by stirring can gradually quicken the still? | PC, PI |
| Which of you can assume/make ... ? | AW |
| What can stop the murkiness? | What can keep still for long? | EC |
MWD omits 'shú néng' from both lines and substitutes 'nu 女 [woman]' for 'än' in line 22. RP and AH omit 'shu neng' but retain 'an'.
This is a difficult contruction, which accounts for the variability of translation. LY seems to go out of the way to impose order on the construction, however; 'repose', 'world', 'maintain', and 'for long' are all expository, and in the following lines LY oes not account for the 'slow' or 'gradual' change. JL goes through some similar interpolations which he parenthesises. PC has to completely mix up the order of the lines to make his rendering, and then is inconsistent in the mixing; PI has a different vocabulary, but a remarkably similiar construction. EC is unique in using 'what' for 'shu', but 'stop' and 'for long' are expository.
| Who (is it that) produces these? | L1, PI |
| Why is this? | FE |
| Who conjures such things? | DH |
| And who works these? | WO |
| who else could make these | RP |
| Who causes these events? | PC |
| Who causes them? | VM |
| What causes these (them)? | EC, WC |
| Who causes this? | GR |
| Who is responsible? | DC |
| Who is their author? | W1 |
| Who does these things? | CM |
| Who is it that concocts such things? | WW |
| To whom is that these (two) things are owing? | JL |
| What makes this so? | DL |
| Who is it that makes the wind and rain? | AW |
| What makes the wind and rain? | LG |
| What is behind these occurrences? | AH |
| [omits] | C1 |
MWD omits 'zhê'. RP and AH follow MWD.
DL goes from 'who' to 'what' here.
| Which is [more]? | L1, JL,PC, AW, LY, W1, C1, FE, RP, WO, VM, AH, CM, DL, PI, GR, DC, LG, WC, ECab, WWbc |
| which is...? | DH, WWa, ECc |
| Who knows the limit? | L1 |
| Who knows their limit? | VM |
| Who knows their ultimate end? | DL |
| Who can determine the ultimate truth? | C1 |
| Who knows the ultimate end of this process? | W1 |
| Who knows the highest standards? | PI |
| Who knows what the future holds? | FE |
| Who knows how things will end? | GR |
| Who knows where it will (all) end? | DH, LG |
| who knows where they end | RP |
| Who knows where is the turning point? | EC |
| Who knows when either reaches its limit? | WW |
| Who knows when the limit will be reached? | WC |
| Who is aware that the highest good ... ? | WO |
| Who would be able to know its ultimate results? | LY |
| Who knows what either will come to in the end? | JL |
| Who would know the final outcome? | DC |
| What has a definite delimitation? | CM |
| But who foresees the catastrophe? | PC |
| And where does it all end? | AH |
MWD-A missing text.
For a discussion of the context of this line, see essay on 'jí¹'.
| who knows the reason? | W1, RP, EC, GR, DL, DC |
| Who knows the reason why? | L1, WO |
| Who knows what nature loathes? | C1 |
| Who knows why (...)? | WC, FE, PI |
| Who understands the reason why ... ? | CM |
| None can know the reason why | AW |
| No one knows why... | DH |
| Who knows the reason for heaven's dislikes? | VM |
| Who would know (who are to killed and) why? | LY |
| Who the cause shall truly scan? | JL |
| Who has the reason detected? | PC |
| Who can understand why ... ? | AH |
| [omits] | WW |
This is a unique use of 'gù' at the end of a line, except for the rhetorical 'fu he gu' (50:09, :20), perhaps to rime with 'wu' in the preceding line, as reflected in JL's and PC's doggerel.
W1 begins with a 'but'. DH previously abandons the interrogative for 'shu' for Chapter 73, 74, and 77, though he used them for previous chapters. WO continues 'why Heaven hates one?'. LY tries to skirt this unique construction with an interpolation.
| who would dare (...)? | L1, JL, LY, W1, WC, FE, VM, CM, DL |
| who will dare (...)? | PC, GR |
| Then who dares ... ? | EC |
| But who dares ... ? | DC |
| who else would dare | RP |
| Who then would dare ... ? | PI |
| Who would have the courage to commit a crime? | C1 |
| no one will dare | DH |
| Who would be eager? | WW |
| Who among them would dare ... ? | AH |
| Which of us would dare ... ? | AW |
The brevity of the question leads to the expository addition of phrases: 'to do wrong' (JL); 'to seize them and slay them'; 'to do so' (LY, WC); 'to commit a crime' (C1); 'to break the law' (W1, FE); 'else' (RP); 'to act criminally' (GR); 'then' (PI); 'then' and '[to do strange things]' (EC); 'to move' (CM); 'to live such lives' (DH); 'to act in such a manner' (PI); 'among them' and 'to do them' (AH); 'to execute' (DC); 'to be so' (VM); 'to do this' (WW). LY adds a note on "the similarity of construction with the first five lines of Ch 73".
| Who can have enough and to spare ... ? | LY |
| Who is there that can take what he himself has in excess? | L1 |
| Who is there that can have a surplus ... ? | VM |
| Who can supplement the overfull? | C1 |
| What man has more than enough? | FE |
| Who can offer his surpluses ... ? | EC |
| Who would offer their surpluses ... ? | DC |
| Who can take the excess ... ? | GR |
| Who can offer their excess ... ? | DL |
| Who is able to have excess ... ? | WC |
| Who is capable of having excess ... ? | WW |
| Who is able to offer what they have in excess ... ? | PI |
| Who can take his own superabundance ... ? | JL |
| Who can take his surplus ... ? | CM |
| Who ... can put his superabundant riches ... ? | W1 |
| who can find the long | RP |
| Where is he who would have abundance ... ? | PC |
| Who then in having too much is able to draw on this excess ... | AH |
| [omits] | DH |
MWD-B has 'you yu 又余' for 'yôu yú¹'. FY has 'shú néng sǔn yôu yú¹ 孰能損有餘'. RP follows the standard text.
PC makes the odd switch from 'who' to 'where' only here and ignores the 'neng'. W1 has transposed line 16 to the middle of line 14, as indicated by the first ellipsis.