| roots | pinyin, English |
| 亻? | rén man, shāng wound [yáng bright] |
| synonyms | |
| synonyms | |
| 敗 | bài : spoil |
| 弊 | bì° : corrupted |
| 殆 | dài : danger |
| 害 | hài : harm |
| 滅 | mìe : extinguished |
| 傷 | shäng : hurt |
| 殃 | yäng¹ : ruin |
| harm | WO, PC, AW, LY, W1, L1, WC, FE, EC, L2, RH, VM, AL, RP, DC, DH, DL, JS, CM, GR, AH, WW [06, 07 with their slings and arrows] |
| harmful | C1 08 |
| hurt | JL, AW 06, FE 09 |
| injure | PI |
| injuriously affect | JL 09 |
| be protected | FE 08 |
| damage | C1 06-07, 09 |
MWD and HSG omit '人' at the end of line 8. MWD adds its customary '也' at the end of some phrases, and FY and HSG add '者' in two places, but otherwise, there is unusual fidelity throughout all versions of this chapter.
| hurt | W1, L1, FE, C1, EC, L2, RH, RP, DL |
| injure | WO, PC, LY, WC, DC, AH, WW |
| cut | JL, AW, VM, CM |
| wounding | PI |
| slicing | AL |
| have blood on | DH |
Because the object of 'shang' is 'hand', some synonyms in English do not sound right. So though most translators use 'harm' in Chapter 60, none do in Chapter 74: It is too weak a word for something done to your hands. 'cut', however, is too specific an injury to fit for Chapter 60 and none use it there. And the translators that use it for 'shang' in Chapter 74 use it elsewhere for other words, as noted below. 'slicing' (AL) is even more exact and incongruous for Chapter 60; 'blood on your hands' (DH) is fully a poetic substitution for this passage. 'hurt' and 'injure', together the most common translation of 'shang' (74) are not used by the same translators for 'shang' (60), except for FE, who hedge their bets with 'harm' and 'be protected' in the same chapter.
JI: 'záo 鑿' ('Cut out doors and windows', 11:09), 'gë 割' ('square but not cutting', 58:16) AW: 'gë 割' (28:22, 58:16), 'zhé² 折' ('A stiff tree is then snapped [cut down]', 76:12), 'hài 害' ('Helps and does not harm [sharpen without cutting]', 81:13) VM: 'záo', 'gë' CM: 'záo', 'gë', 'zhé², 'sàn 散' ('Simplicity broken then acts as vessels [cut into implements] ', 28:19)